中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)
国务院
中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)
国务院
（一九八0年十二月五日国务院常务会议通过）
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了加强外汇管理，增加国家外汇收入，节约外汇支出，有利于促进国民经济的发展，并维护国家权益，特制定本条例。
一切外汇的收入和支出，各种外汇票证的发行和流通，以及外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出中华人民共和国国境，都应当遵守本条例的规定。
第二条 本条例所称外汇系指：
一、外国货币：包括钞票、铸币等；
二、外币有价证券：包括政府公债、国库券、公司债券、股票、息票等；
三、外币支付凭证：包括票据、银行存款凭证、邮政储蓄凭证等；
四、其他外汇资金。
第三条 中华人民共和国对外汇实行由国家集中管理、统一经营的方针。
中华人民共和国管理外汇的机关为国家外汇管理总局及其分局。
中华人民共和国经营外汇业务的专业银行为中国银行。非经国家外汇管理总局批准，其他任何金融机构都不得经营外汇业务。
第四条 在中华人民共和国境内，除法律、法令和本条例另有规定者外，一切中外机构或者个人的外汇收入，都必须卖给中国银行，所需外汇由中国银行按照国家批准的计划或者有关规定卖给。
在中华人民共和国境内，禁止外币流通、使用、质押，禁止私自买卖外汇，禁止以任何形式进行套汇、逃汇。
第二章 对国家单位和集体经济组织的外汇管理
第五条 中国境内的机关、部队、团体、学校，国营企业、事业单位，城乡集体经济组织（以下统称境内机构）的外汇收入和支出，都实行计划管理。
国家允许境内机构按照规定持有留成外汇。
第六条 境内机构除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准，不得私自保存外汇，不得将外汇存放境外，不得以外汇收入抵作外汇支出，不得借用、调用国家驻外机构以及设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位的外汇。
第七条 境内机构非经国务院批准，不得在国内外发行具有外汇价值的有价证券。
第八条 境内机构接受外国或者港澳等地区的银行、企业的贷款，必须分别由国务院主管部门或者省、市、自治区人民政府汇总，编制年度贷款计划，经国家外汇管理总局和外国投资管理委员会核报国务院批准。
贷款审批办法，另行规定。
第九条 境内机构的留成外汇，非贸易和补偿贸易项下先收后付的备付外汇，贷入的自由外汇，以及经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准持有的其他外汇，都必须在中国银行开立外汇存款帐户或者外汇额度帐户，按照规定的范围使用，并受中国银行监督。
第十条 境内机构进出口贷物，经办银行应当凭海关查验后的进出口许可证，或者凭进出口货物报关单，检查其外汇收支。
第十一条 国家驻外机构必须按照国家批准的计划使用外汇。
设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位从事经营所得的利润，除按照国家批准的计划可以留存当地营运者外，都必须按期调回，卖给中国银行。
一切驻外机构不得自行为境内机构保存外汇。
第十二条 临时派往外国和港澳等地区的代表团、工作组，必须分别按照各该专项计划使用外汇。公毕回国，必须将剩余的外汇及时调回，经核销后卖给中国银行。
前款代表团、工作组及其成员，从事各项业务活动所得外汇，必须及时调回；除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准，不得存放境外。
第三章 对个人的外汇管理
第十三条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，由外国和港澳等地区汇入的外汇，除国家允许留存的部分外，必须卖给中国银行。
第十四条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，存放在中国境内的外汇，允许个人持有。
前款外汇，不得私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境；如需出售，必须卖给中国银行，同时允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十五条 居住在中国境内的中国人在中华人民共和国成立前、华侨在回国定居前、港澳同胞在回乡定居前，存放在外国或者港澳等地区的外汇，调回境内的，允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十六条 派赴外国或者港澳等地区的工作人员、学习人员公毕返回，如汇入或者携入属于个人所有的外汇，允许全部留存。
第十七条 本条例第十三、十四、十五条规定的允许个人留存的外汇，其留存比例，另行规定。
本条例第十三、十四、十五、十六条规定的允许个人留存的外汇，必须存入中国银行。此项外汇存款，可以卖给中国银行，可以通过中国银行汇出境外，也可以凭中国银行证明携出境外；但是，不得将存款凭证私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第十八条 来中国的外国人，短期回国的华侨、回乡的港澳同胞，应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员、职工，以及外籍留学生、实习生等，由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇，可以自行保存，可以卖给或者存入中国银行，也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，如需购买外汇汇出或者携出境外，可以向当地外汇管理分局申请，经批准后，由中国银行卖给。
应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员和职工，汇出或者携出外汇，由中国银行按照合同、协议的规定办理。
第四章 对外国驻华机构及其人员的外汇管理
第二十条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构、商务机构，驻华的国际组织机构和民间机构，外交官，领事官以及各该机构所属常驻人员，由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇，可以自行保存，可以卖给或者存入中国银行，也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第二十一条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构，收取中国公民以人民币交付的签证费、认证费，如要求兑成外汇，必须经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准。
第五章 对侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业及其人员的外汇管理
第二十二条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的一切外汇收入，都必须存入中国银行；一切外汇支出，从其外汇存款帐户中支付。
前款企业必须定期向国家外汇管理总局或者分局填送外汇业务报表，国家外汇管理总局或者分局有权检查其外汇收支的活动情况。
第二十三条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业与中华人民共和国境内的企业或者个人之间的结算，除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局核准者外，都应当使用人民币。
第二十四条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的外国合营者依法纳税后的纯利润和其他正当收益，可以向中国银行申请从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
前款企业、外国合营者，如将外汇资本转移到中国境外，应当向国家外汇管理总局或者分局申请，从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
第二十五条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业中的外籍职工和港澳职工依法纳税后，汇出或者携出外汇，以不超过其本人工资等正当净收益的百分之五十为限。
第二十六条 依法停止营业的侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业，在中国境内的未了债务、税务事项，应当在有关主管部门和国家外汇管理总局或者分局的共同监督下，负责按期清理。
第六章 对外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出国境的管理
第二十七条 携带外汇、贵金属、贵金属制品进入中国国境，数量不受限制；但是，必须向入境地海关申报。
携带或者复带外汇出境，海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
携带或者复带贵金属、贵金属制品出境，海关区别情况按照国家规定或者按照原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十八条 携带人民币旅行支票、旅行信用证等人民币外汇票证，入境时，海关凭申报单放行；出境时，海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人，持有境外的债券、股票、房地契，以及同处理境外债权、遗产、房地产和其他外汇资产有关的各种证书、契约，非经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准，不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第三十条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人所持有的人民币支票、汇票、存折、存单等人民币有价凭证，不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第七章 附 则
第三十一条 对违反本条例规定者，任何单位、个人都有权检举揭发。对检举揭发有功的单位、个人，给予奖励。对违法案件，由国家外汇管理总局、分局，或者由公安部门、工商行政管理部门、海关，按其情节轻重，强制实行收兑外汇，单处或者并处罚款、没收财物，或者由司法机
关依法惩处。
第三十二条 经济特区、边境贸易和边民往来的外汇管理办法，由有关省、市、自治区人民政府根据本条例规定结合当地具体情况制订，报国务院批准后施行。
第三十三条 本条例的施行细则，由国家外汇管理总局制定。
第三十四条 本条例自一九八一年三月一日起施行。(附英文)
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL OF THE PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Promulgated by the State Council on December 18, 1980)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of strengthening foreign
exchange control, increasing national foreign exchange income and
economizing on foreign exchange expenditure so as to facilitate the
development of national economy and safeguard the rights and interests of
the country.
All foreign exchange income and expenditure, the issuance and circulation
of all kinds of payment instruments in foreign currency, and the carrying
of foreign exchange, precious metals and payment instruments in foreign
currency into and out of the territory of the People's Republic of China
shall be governed by these Regulations.
Article 2
Foreign exchange mentioned in these Regulations refers to:
a. foreign currencies, including banknotes, coins, etc.
b. securities in foreign currency, including government bonds, treasury
bills, corporate bonds and debentures, stocks, and interest coupons, etc.
c. instruments payable in foreign currency, including bills, drafts,
cheques, bank deposit certificates, postal savings certificates, etc.
d. other foreign exchange funds.
Article 3
The People's Republic of China pursues the policy of centralized control
and unified management of foreign exchange by the State.
The administrative agency of the People's Republic of China in charge of
foreign exchange control is the State Administration of Foreign Exchange
Control (SAFEC) and its branch offices.
The specialized bank of the People's Republic of China engaged in foreign
exchange business is the Bank of China. No other financial institution
shall engage in foreign exchange business, unless approved by the SAFEC.
Article 4
All Chinese and foreign organizations or individuals within the territory
of the People's Republic of China must, unless otherwise stipulated by
law, decrees and these Regulations, sell their foreign exchange to the
Bank of China. Any foreign exchange they required is to be sold to them by
the Bank of China in accordance with the plans approved by the State or
with relevant provisions.
The circulation, use and mortgage of foreign currency, the unauthorized
sales and purchases of foreign exchange, and the unlawful procurement of
foreign exchange or evasion of foreign exchange control by whatever means
are prohibited within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter II Foreign Exchange Control Relating to State Units and Collective Economic Organizations
Article 5
All the foreign exchange incomes and expenditures of State organs, units
of the armed forces, nongovernmental bodies, schools, State enterprises,
institutions and urban and rural collective economic organizations within
China's territory (hereinafter referred to as organizations within
territory) are all subject to planned control. Organizations within
territory are permitted to hold their retained foreign exchange in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 6
Unless approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, organizations within
territory shall not possess foreign exchange; deposit foreign exchange
abroad; offset foreign exchange expenditure against foreign exchange
income; or use the foreign exchange belonging to State organs stationed
abroad or enterprises and institutions established in foreign countries or
in the Hong Kong and Macao regions by the State, by way of borrowing or
acquisition.
Article 7
Unless approved by the State Council, organizations within territory shall
not issue securities with foreign exchange value inside or outside China.
Article 8
With regard to loans to be accepted by organizations within territory from
banks or enterprises in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao
regions, the relevant competent departments under the State Council or the
relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall consolidate and
draw up overall annual plans for such loans which must be submitted to the
SAFEC and the Foreign Investment Control Commission for examination and
transmission to the State Council for approval.
The measures for examining and approving such loans shall be prescribed
separately.
Article 9
Any foreign exchange held by organizations within territory, including
their retained foreign exchange, non-trade foreign exchange and foreign
exchange under compensatory trade received in advance and reserved for
later payments, funds borrowed in convertible foreign currencies and other
foreign exchange held with the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices
must be placed in foreign currency deposit accounts or foreign currency
quota accounts to be opened with the Bank of China, and must be used
within the prescribed scope and be subject to the supervision of the Bank
of China.
Article 10
When organizations within territory import or export goods, the banks
handling the transactions shall check their foreign exchange receipts and
payments either against the import or export licenses duly verified by the
Customs or against the Customs declaration forms for imports or exports.
Article 11
State organs stationed abroad must use foreign exchange according to the
plan approved by the State.
The profits derived from their business operations by enterprises and
institutions established in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and
Macao regions, except for the portion kept there as working funds
according to the plan approved by the State, must be transferred back on
schedule and be sold to the Bank of China.
No organization stationed abroad is permitted to keep foreign exchange for
organizations within territory without authorization.
Article 12
Delegations and working groups sent temporarily to foreign countries or to
the Hong Kong and Macao regions must use foreign exchange according to
their respective specific plans, and must, upon completion of their
missions and return, promptly transfer back to China their surplus foreign
exchange to be checked by and sold to the Bank of China. Foreign exchange
earned in their various business activities by the delegations and working
groups mentioned in the preceding paragraph and by members thereof, must
be promptly transferred back to China and must not be kept abroad without
the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices.
Chapter III Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Individuals
Article 13
Foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from the Hong Kong and
Macao regions to Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing
in China must be sold to the Bank of China, except the portion retained as
permitted by the State.
Article 14
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China shall
be permitted to keep in their own possession foreign exchange already in
China.
The foreign exchange mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall not,
without authorization, be carried or sent out of China either by owners or
by others or by post. If the owners need to sell the foreign exchange,
they must sell it to the Bank of China and are permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 15
When the foreign exchange that has been kept in foreign countries or in
the Hong Kong and Macao regions by Chinese residing in China prior to the
founding of the People's Republic of China, by overseas Chinese prior to
their returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots prior to their returning to and settling down in their native
places, is transferred to China, the owners shall be permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 16
When the foreign exchange belonging personally to individuals sent to work
or study in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao regions is
remitted or brought back to China, the owners, upon the completion of
their missions and return, shall be permitted to retain the entire amount
of the foreign exchange.
Article 17
The percentages of foreign exchange retention permitted under Articles 13,
14, and 15 of these Regulations shall be prescribed separately.
Foreign exchange retained by individuals as permitted under Articles 13,
14, 15, and 16 of these Regulations must be deposited with the Bank of
China. These foreign exchange deposits may be sold to the Bank of China or
remitted out of China through the Bank of China, or taken out of China
against certification by the Bank of China. It is however not permitted,
without authorization, to carry or send deposit certificates out of China
either by holders or by others or by post.
Article 18
The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries
or from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign nationals coming to
China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returning
for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff members and
workers engaged to work in organizations within China, and by foreign
students and trainees, may be kept in their own possession, or sold to or
deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or taken out of China.
Article 19
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China may
apply to the local branch offices of the SAFEC for the purchase of foreign
exchange to be remitted or taken out of China. Upon approval of such
applications, the required foreign exchange shall be sold to the
applicants by the Bank of China.
When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers engaged to
work in organizations within territory are to remit or take out of China
their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the matter in
accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant contracts or
agreements.
Chapter IV Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Foreign Resident Representative Offices in China and Their Personnel
Article 20
Foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries or
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign diplomatic missions,
consular posts, commercial offices, offices of international organizations
and nongovernmental bodies resident office in China, foreign diplomatic
and consular officers as well as other resident staff members of the
aforesaid missions, posts and offices, may be kept in their own
possession, or sold to or deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or
taken out of China.
Article 21
The conversion into foreign currency, if required, of visa and
certification fees received in Renminbi from Chinese citizens by foreign
diplomatic missions and consular posts in China, is subject to approval by
the SAFEC or its branch offices.
Chapter V Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Enterprises with Overseas Chinese Capital, Foreign-Capital Enterprises, and Chinese- Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and Their Personnel
Article 22
All foreign exchange receipts of enterprises with overseas Chinese
capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures must be deposited with the Bank of China, and all their foreign
exchange disbursements must be effected from their foreign exchange
deposit accounts.
The enterprises mentioned in the preceding paragraph must periodically
submit their statements of foreign exchange business to the SAFEC or its
branch offices, all of which are empowered to check on the movements of
the foreign exchange receipts and payments of these enterprises.
Article 23
Except where otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices,
Renminbi shall in all cases be used in the settlement of accounts between
enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises,
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures on the one hand and other
enterprises or individuals residing in the People's Republic of China on
the other hand.
Article 24
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
foreign joint venturers in Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures may apply
to the Bank of China for remitting abroad their net profits as well as
other legitimate earnings after taxation according to law, by debiting the
foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises concerned.
Where the enterprises and foreign joint ventures mentioned in the
preceding paragraph are to transfer foreign exchange capital abroad, they
shall apply to the SAFEC or its branch offices for the transfer by
debiting the foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises
concerned.
Article 25
An amount not exceeding 50% of their after-tax legitimate net earnings
from wages, etc. may be remitted or taken out of China in foreign
currency by staff members and workers of foreign nationality and those
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions employed by enterprises with overseas
Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures.
Article 26
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which wind up operations in
accordance with legal procedure, shall be responsible for the liquidation,
within the scheduled period, of their outstanding liabilities and taxes
due in China under the joint supervision of the relevant competent
departments and the SAFEC or its branch offices.
Chapter VI Control Relating to Carrying Foreign Exchange, Precious Metals and Payment Instruments in Foreign Currency into and out of China
Article 27
No restriction as to the amount is imposed on the carrying into China of
foreign exchange, precious metals and objects made from them, but
declaration to the Customs is required at the place of entry.
To carry out of China foreign exchange or the foreign exchange previously
brought in shall be permitted by the Customs against certification by the
Bank of China or against the original declaration form filled out at the
time of entry.
To carry out of China precious metals and objects made from them or the
precious metals and objects made from them previously brought in shall be
permitted by the Customs according to the specific circumstances as
prescribed by State regulations or against the original declaration form
filled out at the time of entry.
Article 28
To bring into China Renminbi traveller's cheques, traveller's letters of
credit and other Renminbi payment instruments convertible into foreign
currency shall be permitted by the Customs against the declaration form
filled out at the Customs; and to take the same out of China shall be
permitted by the Customs against certification by the Bank of China or
against the original declaration form filled out at the time of entry.
Article 29
Unless otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, it is not
permitted to carry or send out of China by holders or by others or by post
such certificates and deeds held by Chinese residing in China as bonds,
debentures, share certificates issued abroad; title deeds for real estate
abroad; other documents or deeds involving the disposal of creditor's
right, inheritance, real estate or other foreign exchange assets abroad.
Article 30
The carrying or sending out of China of Renminbi instruments, such as
Renminbi cheques, drafts, passbooks and deposit certificates, held by
Chinese or foreign nationals or stateless persons residing in China, is
not permitted, either by holders or by others or by post.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 31
All units and individuals have the right to report any violation of these
Regulations. Rewards shall be given to such units or individuals
according to the merits of the report. Violators shall be penalized by the
SAFEC, its branch offices or by public security organs, or by
administrative departments of industry and commerce, or by the Customs. In
light of the seriousness of the offence, the penalties may take the form
of compulsory exchange of the foreign currency for Renminbi, or fine or
confiscation of the properties or both, or punishment by judicial organs
according to law.
Article 32
The exchange control measures for special economic zones, for frontier
trade and for personal dealings between inhabitants across the border
shall be formulated, in accordance with these Regulations, by the people's
governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government in the light of actual local
conditions, be submitted to the State Council for approval and be enforced
thereupon.
Article 33
Rules for the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by
the SAFEC.
Article 34
These Regulations shall enter into effect on March 1, 1981.
1980年12月18日
中国建设银行关于下发《欧元启动后的会计核算方法》的通知
中国建设银行
中国建设银行关于下发《欧元启动后的会计核算方法》的通知
中国建设银行
建设银行各省、自治区、直辖市分行，计划单列市分行，苏州、三峡分行，济南、杭
州、浦东分行：
为适应欧元启动后会计核算工作和现钞管理的需要，现将《欧元启动后的会计核算方法》下发给你们，并将有关事项通知如下，请一并转知所属认真学习并严格遵照在西安召开的欧元业务培训班的精神，予以贯彻落实。
一、欧元启动后，各项业务的会计核算除本办法有特别规定外，仅在原会计制度和核算办法的基础上，增加了欧元作为核算原币间、原币与欧元间兑换和交易的第一本位币这一核算原则，故本办法不对各项业务的处理再加赘述。
二、储蓄网点的会计核算保留原核算方式并用原币记账。
三、原有关办法中与本办法规定相悖的，以本通知为准。
四、有关FEBS系统软件及操作方式的变化及要求，总行将另行通知。
五、如有疑问，请及时与总行有关部门联系。
附： 欧元启动后的会计核算方法
总行从业务发展的实际要求和操作的便利性出发，将关闭现有欧盟区内12家账户行中的6家，将精选出的原6家账户行的欧盟国家原币账户转成欧元户，即美洲银行法兰克福分行、德意志银行、德累斯顿银行、德国商业银行、荷兰银行、法国兴业银行。随之而来，总行在境外及下属机构
在上级行开立的欧盟国原币账户(下称原币，即DEM、FRF、ITL、FI M、ESP、NLG、BEF等)均将被欧元账户所取代。由于1999年1月1日～2001年12月31日为过渡期，遵照国际惯例，我行将对客户采取“不强迫、不禁止”的原则，允许客户按自己的意愿保留原币账户。
在外汇管理方面，目前外汇管理局欲意将欧元作为一个新的币种管理，适用规定与现行的规定相同。各行在具体执行时，可据外汇管理政策的调整而调整。
一、开户体系和账务处理原则
(一)为便于资金的清算和核算，我行的开户体制如下：
1.为便于描述，我们将呈数状结构的我行各级机构，按其职能特点，自上而下分为以下4个层面，即总行、分行及除营业机构以外的下属机构(中间管理行)、营业机构(经办对公业务)、储蓄网点(包括储蓄所和储蓄专柜)。
2.1998年12月31日，总行将在境外开立的所有欧盟国家原币账户原则关闭，于1999年1月4日开立6个欧元账户；总行相应将所有的原币账户及资金对转成欧元。
3.分行及除营业机构以外的下属机构也将所有原币账户对转成欧元。各行存放同业的原币账户原则上也应转为欧元账户。
4.营业机构在操作上较为特殊，除与客户存放我行资金有关账户、现金和与储蓄网点的内部往来账户保持原币不变外，包括存放上级行资金在内的其他科目也均相应对转成欧元。
5.储蓄网点保留原币核算方式不变；也可按客户的要求，并依照国家外汇管理有关规定，增开或转开欧元现汇户。
(二)在欧元过渡期，我行的各级机构会计业务的处理应遵循以下原则：
1.根据欧元过渡期内各欧盟区原币是欧元的影子货币这一特点，在相关的会计核算中，将欧元作为核算原币间、原币与欧元间兑换和交易的第一本位币。现行外汇会计制度中美元作为所有外币的本位币在核算中的地位仍保持不变；即美元仍将承担所有外币的本位币的角色。如原币转换
成原币的交易，只需通过欧元对转即可；原币与区外货币交易时，需先转换成欧元，再通过美元买卖成区外货币。
2.为便于欧元及其影子货币(原币)的转换并将这种纯货币表现形式上的转换与真实的外汇买卖相区别，特设“4415—特别折算”科目。
3.“4415—特别折算”科目核算原币与欧元之间、原币之间的转换。该科目为共同类科目；当原币余额为借方，转换成欧元时，借记该科目原币，贷记该科目欧元；当原币余额为贷方，转换成欧元时，贷记该科目原币，借记该科目欧元。在1999年年初各级机构按总行要求，将原币账户
转换成欧元后，该科目属营业机构和储蓄网点专用，其他机构不得再用。
二、会计核算
(一)1999年年初，各级机构应作如下会计核算：
1.总行国际业务部：
(1)总行关闭原币账户的会计处理：总行关闭账户资金的日期原则定于1998年12月31日，但为便于账务处理，实质上关闭账户的资金调出日为1999年1月4日。会计处接前台调拨头寸通知单后当日将录入EXIMBILL系统。次日(即1月5日)系统头寸调拨记录与账户行对账单核符后，生成以下?
峒普耍?
借：4415特别折算 原币
贷：1210存放境外同业——调出行 原币
借：1210存放境外同业——调入行 欧元
贷：4415特别折算 欧元
(2)1月4日将1998年12月31日发生的所有业务处理完毕。当日日终结束后，即可将除1210存放境外同业账户以外的所有原币科目对转成欧元(包括定存、拆放业务的续存)。分行存放总行资金(活期、定期)的会计处理：
借：2320分行活期外汇存款 原币
或2321分行定期外汇存款
贷：4415特别折算 原币
借：4415特别折算 欧元
贷：2320分行活期外汇存款 欧元
或2321分行定期外汇存款
(3)EXIMBILL系统已解决对以原币所做的跨年度定期存款、拆借、外汇买卖业务问题。(EXIMBILL系统直接将存放在未处理档的交易资料中的原币折算成欧元，保存在交易资料的相应栏位，到期日一次结息)。
(4)期收、期付、应付暂收、应收暂付、汇出汇款、经营套汇等中间过渡科目的原币余额全部对转成欧元。未了结业务需逐笔结转(或形成账外辅表)，以便账务(或未核销记录)的逐笔勾销。如：
余额为借方的科目：
借：4415特别折算 原币
贷：1530期收 原币
或1540应收暂付
或相关科目(2670、4411等)
借：1530期收 欧元
或1540应收暂付
或相关科目(2670、4411等)
余额为贷方的科目：
借：2630期付 原币
或2640应付暂收
或相关科目
贷：4415特别折算 原币
借：4415特别折算 欧元
贷：2630期付 欧元
或2640应付暂收
或相关科目
(5)1月5日日终后，将1210存放境外同业原币账户对转成欧元。关闭账户的1210账户取消(我行已与账户行平账，且该户余额为0)。
(6)所有原币按以上处理方法折算成欧元后，“4415特别折算”科目的余额应为0。如有折算差，可转入手续费收入或手续费支出科目。
2.分行及所辖机构(除储蓄网点、营业机构的储蓄专柜)：
原币对欧元的转换于1月5日日终以后进行(分行及所属接总行1月4日对账单并将起息日为1998年12月31日的原币业务处理完毕)。1月4日后发生的欧元业务的会计核算，将在原币账户对转成欧元账户后补入。
(1)存放上级行资金(活期、定期)
借：4415特别折算 原币
贷：1220存放总行资金 原币
或相关科目
借：1220存放总行资金 欧元
或相关科目
贷：4415特别折算 欧元
(2)下级行存放资金的折算
借：4415特别折算 欧元
贷：2330辖内行活期外汇存款 欧元
或2331辖内行定期外汇存款
或相关科目
借：2330辖内行活期外汇存款 原币
或2331辖内行定期外汇存款
或相关科目
贷：4415特别折算 原币
(3)期收、期付、应付暂收、应收暂付、汇出汇款、经营套汇等中间过渡科目的原币户转成欧元中间过渡科目的会计处理方法与总行相同。
(4)除营业机构、储蓄网点外，其他各级机构所有原币按以上处理方法折算成欧元后，“4415特别折算”的各币种科目余额应为0。如有折算差，可转入手续费收入或手续费支出。
(5)营业机构、储蓄网点中涉及到客户的相关原币账户不作特别折算处理。
(二)日常账务处理：
1.营业机构：
(1)收到欧元汇款而需付原币时，会计分录如下：
借：汇入汇款 欧元
或其他科目
贷：4415特别折算 欧元
借：4415特别折算 原币
贷：单位活期外汇存款——××单位户 原币
或其他科目
(2)受客户委托，用客户账中的原币对外汇款支付(只能付欧元)时，会计分录如下：
借：单位活期外汇存款——××单位户 原币
或其他科目
贷：4415特别折算 原币
借：4415特别折算 欧元
贷：汇出汇款 欧元
或其他科目
受储蓄网点委托汇出汇款时，凭客户汇款申请书和扣账通知对外付款；付款指令按SWIFT报文要求填写。并作以下会计分录：
借：内部往来——××储蓄网点 原币
贷：4415特别折算 原币
借：4415特别折算 欧元
贷：汇出汇款 欧元
或其他科目
2.储蓄网点：
(1)收到营业机构划转来的欧元汇入汇款时，会计分录为：
借：其他应付款——应付现汇户 欧元
或相关科目
贷：外汇活(定)期储蓄存款——现汇户 欧元
(2)从原币现汇户汇出汇款(原币或欧元)时，储蓄网点作以下会计分录并将客户汇款申请交营业机构处理即可。
借：外汇活(定)期储蓄存款——现汇户 原币(或欧元)
贷：内部往来——××往来户 原币(或欧元)
或相关科目
3.现钞的会计核算及管理：营业机构、储蓄网点用原币记账并保留原核算方式不变。
除营业机构、储蓄网点以外的各级机构收到现钞或运出现钞时，将原币的现钞由原来的一级科目变为二级明细户核算，一级科目全部以欧元核算，并在相应的登记簿中增加“欧元”栏位。
(1)储蓄网点向营业机构缴存现钞时：
借：内部往来——××往来户 原币
贷：现金 原币
营业机构收到储蓄网点的现钞时，作以下会计核算：
借：现金 原币
贷：内部往来——××储蓄网点 原币
(2)储蓄网点从营业机构提取现金时，
营业机构会计核算：
借：内部往来——××储蓄网点 原币
贷：现金 原币
储蓄网点的会计核算：
借：现金 原币
贷：内部往来——××往来户 原币
(3)辖内下级行向上级行运送现钞时，
下级行：借：运送中现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
贷：现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
上级行：借：现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
贷：辖内行存款 欧元
销账时，
下级行：借：存放上级行资金 欧元
或相关科目
贷：运送中现金 欧元
(4)委托行通过承运行运送现钞时，
委托行：借：运送中现金——原币 欧元
贷：现金——原币 欧元
承运行：借：现金——原币 欧元
贷：其他应付款 欧元
(5)承运行向境外运出现金时：
借：运送中现金——原币 欧元
贷：现金——原币 欧元
销账时，
委托行：借：存放总行资金 欧元
贷：运送中现金 欧元
承运行：借：其他应付款 欧元
贷：运送中现金——原币 欧元
(6)委托行从承运行调入欧盟国家原币时：
承运行：借：其他应付款——提取现金——××分行 欧元
贷：现金——原币 欧元
委托行：借：现金——原币 欧元
贷：其他应收款——提取现金 欧元
4.营业机构钞汇折算：
原币钞变汇：
借：现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
贷：相关科目 欧元
(如汇出汇款)
借：相关科目
贷：手续费收入
原币汇变钞：
借：单位活期外汇存款——××单位户 原币
贷：特别折算 原币
借：特别折算 欧元
贷：现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
借：相关科目
贷：手续费收入
一种原币(如DEM)的钞兑换为另一种原币(如FRF)的钞：
借：现金——原币(如FRF) 欧元
贷：现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
借：相关科目
贷：手续费收入
原币现钞折美元现汇的核算：
借：现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
贷：代客套汇(欧元/美元的汇买价) 欧元
借：代客套汇(美元/欧元的汇卖价) 美元
贷：相关科目 美元
原币现汇与美元现钞的折算：
借：单位活期外汇存款——××户 原币
贷：特别折算 原币
借：特别折算 欧元
贷：代客套汇(欧元/美元的汇买价) 欧元
借：代客套汇(美元/欧元的汇买价) 美元
贷：现金 美元
原币现钞折其他币种的现汇的核算：
借：现金——原币(如DEM) 欧元
贷：代客套汇 欧元
借：代客套汇 美元
贷：代客套汇(欧元/美元的钞买价) 美元
借：代客套汇(其他币种/美元的汇卖价) 其他币种
贷：相关科目 其他币种
原币现汇折其他币种的现钞的核算：
借：单位活期外汇存款——××户 原币
贷：特别折算 原币
借：特别折算 欧元
贷：代客套汇 欧元
借：代客套汇 美元
贷：代客套汇(欧元/美元的汇买价) 美元
借：代客套汇(其他币种/美元的钞卖价) 其他币种
贷：现金 其他币种
5.由于结售汇业务和代客外汇买卖业务涉及到客户水单的填制，需将该业务分成两部分操作：首先以原币与客户交易，然后再转换成欧元核算，凭证分别填制，其中给客户的回单以原币填制。
6.钞汇折算、原币钞之间的转换所应收的手续费，收取的费率标准按总行统一的钞汇折算汇差执行。
(三)对“4415特别折算”科目的日常管理：
在营业机构，4415科目的余额不是外汇买卖形成的真正的头寸敞口，不需与上级行平盘。但为加强对该科目的管理，营业机构应定期核对以下平衡关系：
4415(各欧盟原币)账
4415(EUR)总账金额=∑－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
固定汇率(原币与EUR之间)
且借贷方向相反。
(四)“4415特别折算”的原币敞口，待欧元过渡期结束(2001年12月31日)后，对转成欧元。
三、有关凭证、账页、报表
1.特别折算时使用原外汇套汇凭证。
2.当折算差转入手续费收支时，使用特转凭证。
3.原币进行特别折算时的明细账页可用外汇买卖明细账页。
4.钞汇折算时，用进账单作为给客户的本金入账凭证；扣收客户手续费时，给客户收费通知。
5.各分行向总行报送会计报表时，只需报送各原币折欧元的会计报表，不再报送原币报表；各分行是否接收原币报表由各行自定。
1998年12月3日
